Table Of Contents:

UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 1(152)

Introduction to Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 3(16)

Wanda K. Mohr

Mental Health and Mental Illness 4(8)

The Mental Health-Illness Continuum 4(1)

Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General 5(1)

Elements of Mental Health 5(1)

Influences on Mental Health 5(1)

Incidence and Prevalence of Mental Illness 5(1)

Etiology of Mental Illness 6(1)

Diagnosis of Mental Illness 6(3)

Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness 9(3)

Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 12(7)

Nursing Process and Standards of Care 13(1)

Levels of Practice 14(1)

Guiding Principles 15(1)

The Role of the Psychiatric Nurse as a Team Member 15(4)

Neuroscience: Biology and Behavior 19(18)

Wanda K. Mohr

Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology 20(12)

Neurons 20(4)

Central Nervous System 24(6)

The Role of Genetics 30(2)

Other Topics in Neuroscience 32(5)

Memory, Repetition, and Learning 32(1)

Circadian Rhythm 32(1)

Psychoneuroimmunology 32(1)

Neuroimaging Techniques 33(4)

Conceptual Frameworks and Theories 37(18)

Wanda K. Mohr

Theories: Who Cares and So What? 38(1)

Theories of Human Behavior 39(10)

Psychoanalytic Perspective 39(3)

Behavior Theory 42(3)

Cognitive Theory 45(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory 46(1)

The Humanistic Perspective 47(1)

The Interpersonal Perspective 47(1)

The Biophysiological Perspective 48(1)

The Sociocultural Viewpoint 48(1)

Toward a Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Understanding of Psychopathology 49(6)

The Emergence of Mental Illness 50(1)

Multidimensionality of Assessment (Assessing Multiple Systems) 51(4)

Therapeutic Relationships and Communication 55(24)

Catherine Deering

Therapeutic Relationships 56(9)

Essential Elements 57(2)

Obstacles to Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship 59(3)

Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship 62(3)

Therapeutic Communication 65(14)

Theoretical Framework and Communication Model 66(1)

Listening 66(3)

Assertiveness 69(1)

Confrontation and Limit Setting 69(1)

Self-Disclosure 69(6)

Therapeutic Communication in Special Situations 75(4)

Culture 79(22)

Mary Huggins

Culture 81(7)

Changing Demographics and Cultural Awareness 81(2)

Culturally Competent Healthcare 83(5)

Disparities in Mental Health and Barriers to Effective Treatment 88(5)

Variability and Vulnerability 89(1)

Ethnopharmacology 89(1)

Accessibility 89(2)

Racial Bias 91(1)

Religious and Spiritual Influences 91(2)

Sociocultural Variations in Response to Mental Healthcare 93(2)

African-American Clients 93(1)

Native American Clients 93(1)

Hispanic and Latino(a) Clients 94(1)

Asian and Pacific Islander Clients 94(1)

Middle Eastern Clients 94(1)

Culturally Competent and Congruent Nursing Care 95(6)

Essential Skills 96(1)

Phases of Transcultural Nursing Knowledge 96(1)

Transcultural Assessment 97(1)

Building Cultural Awareness 97(1)

Cultural Self-Awareness 98(3)

The Nursing Process in Psychiatric-Mental Healthcare 101(20)

Suzanne Perraud

Steps of the Nursing Process 102(19)

Assessment 103(1)

Nursing Diagnosis 104(10)

Planning 114(2)

Implementation 116(1)

Evaluation 117(4)

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 121(20)

Robin S. Diamond

Gwen Larsen

Rebecca F. Cady

Legal Issues in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 123(10)

Nurse Practice Acts and the Expanding Role of Nursing 124(1)

Malpractice 124(1)

Obtaining Legal Counsel 125(1)

Basic Rights of Clients Receiving Psychiatric Nursing Care 126(4)

Evolving Legal Rights 130(1)

Client Status and Specific Legal Issues 131(2)

Legal Issues and Special Client Populations 133(1)

Ethical Issues in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 133(8)

Bioethical Principles in Psychiatric Nursing Practice 135(1)

Nursing Ethics in Community Mental Health 136(1)

Boundaries in Ethical Nursing Care 136(5)

Evidence-Based Practice and Pseudoscience 141(12)

Wanda K. Mohr

Science 142(3)

Principles of the Scientific Method 142(1)

Types of Scientific Evidence 143(2)

Pseudoscience 145(4)

Pseudoscience Versus Science 145(1)

Myths 145(1)

Quackery 146(1)

The Dangers of ``Junk Science'' 147(1)

The Dangers of Pseudoscientific Interventions: The Case of Attachment Therapy 148(1)

Implications for Professional Nurses 149(4)

UNIT II CONCEPTUAL BASES OF TREATMENT 153(164)

Working with the Multidisciplinary Team 155(16)

Jeffrey Anderson

Catherine Johnson

Tara A. Mohr

Theodore A. Petti

Patricia A. Troyanowski

The Psychologist 156(4)

Educational Background and Training 156(1)

The Role of the School Psychologist 156(3)

The Psychologist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team 159(1)

The Occupational Therapist 160(3)

Educational Background and Training 160(1)

The Role of an Occupational Therapist 160(1)

The Occupational Therapist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team 161(2)

The Professional Social Worker 163(3)

Educational Background and Training 164(1)

The Role of the Social Worker 164(1)

The Social Worker, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team 165(1)

The Psychiatrist 166(1)

Educational Background and Training 166(1)

The Role of the Child Psychiatrist 167(1)

The Psychiatrist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team 167(1)

The Registered Dietitian 167(1)

Educational Background and Training 168(1)

The Role of the Registered Dietitian 168(1)

The Registered Dietitian, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team 168(1)

Benefits of the Multidisciplinary Approach 168(3)

Collaborative Care of Individuals 171(18)

Jeanneane L. Cline

Collaborative Goals of Individual Therapy 172(1)

Types of Individual Psychotherapy 172(11)

Classic Psychoanalysis 172(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 173(5)

Transtheoretical Model of Intentional Behavior Change 178(1)

Behavioral Therapy 179(2)

Brief, Solution-Focused Therapy 181(1)

Choice Therapy 181(2)

The Nurse's Role 183(6)

Levels of Clinical Nursing Practice 183(1)

Therapeutic Interventions in Nursing 183(6)

Collaborative Care of Groups 189(20)

Barbara Caldwell

Group Process 190(8)

What Is a Group? 190(1)

Characteristics of Groups 190(1)

Types of Groups 190(1)

Group Norms 190(1)

Group Leadership 190(4)

Group Roles 194(1)

Group Communication 195(1)

Stages of Group Development 195(3)

Group Therapy 198(5)

Advantages and Disadvantages 199(1)

Therapeutic Factors of Group Therapy 199(3)

Types of Therapy Groups 202(1)

Nurses and Group Process and Therapy 203(6)

Group Process and Therapy in Nursing Education 203(1)

Group Process and Therapy in Nursing Practice 204(5)

Family Therapies 209(12)

Linda Finke

Theoretical Foundations for Working with Families 211(10)

Family as a System 211(1)

Developmental Perspective of the Family Life Cycle 212(1)

Role of the Family 212(1)

Family and Stress 212(2)

Strengths Perspective With Families 214(7)

Working With Families of Clients With Psychiatric Disorders 221(22)

Victoria Conn

Family Caregiving 1850 To 2000 222(1)

Family Burden 222(9)

Objective Burden 224(2)

Subjective Burden 226(1)

Iatrogenic Burden 226(5)

Family Resilience 231(1)

Needs of Families for Secondary Prevention 231(12)

Families as a Population at Risk 231(2)

Family Consultation 233(2)

Family Empowerment 235(2)

Family Education 237(2)

Psychotherapy and Medication 239(4)

Psychopharmacology 243(44)

Geraldine Pearson

Important Principles of Psychopharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacodynamics 244(3)

Receptors 245(1)

Agonists 245(1)

Antagonists 245(1)

Affinity 245(1)

Efficacy 245(1)

Potency 245(1)

Target Symptoms 246(1)

Refractoriness 246(1)

Half-Life 246(1)

Polypharmacy 246(1)

Substrates 246(1)

Clinical Trials 246(1)

Important Psychotherapeutic Drugs 247(32)

Medications for Mood Disorders 248(12)

Anxiolytics 260(2)

Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Agents 262(6)

Cognitive Enhancers 268(11)

Important Issues Related to Psychopharmacology and Nursing Management 279(3)

Life Span Considerations 279(2)

Ethnopharmacology 281(1)

Use of Alternative Agents to Treat Psychiatric Illness 281(1)

Nursing Research 282(5)

Spirituality in Psychiatric Care 287(12)

Wanda K. Mohr

Spirituality and Religion 288(1)

Spirituality, Religion, and Mental Health and Illness 289(1)

Illness Prevention 289(1)

Negative Effects of Religious Involvement and Spirituality 290(1)

Spirituality, Religion, and Mental Illness 290(1)

Religious and Spiritual Interventions in Mental Healthcare 290(4)

Changing Attitudes and Philosophies 290(1)

Clarifying Values 291(1)

The Role of Clergy in Mental Healthcare 291(1)

The Role of the Nurse in Mental Healthcare 292(2)

Ethical Concerns 294(5)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine 299(18)

Jeanneane L. Cline

Overview of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 300(2)

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and CAM Expansion 300(1)

Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 300(1)

Research Studies 301(1)

Ethical and Legal Considerations 301(1)

Classification of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 302(10)

Alternative Systems of Medical Practice 302(2)

Mind-Body Interventions 304(1)

Biologically Based Therapies 305(5)

Manipulative and Body-Based Methods 310(1)

Energy Therapies 310(2)

The Nurse's Role 312(5)

UNIT III CONTINUUM OF CARE 317(108)

Community Mental Health, Support, and Rehabilitation 319(20)

Mary Huggins

Jeffrey A. Anderson

Community Mental Health 320(3)

Historical Perspective 320(1)

Levels of Prevention 321(2)

Community Support Systems 323(16)

Components of a Community Support System 324(1)

Community Support Programs 324(4)

Public Policy and Trends 328(11)

Psychiatric Home Care Nursing 339(14)

Yu-Ru Lin

Overview of Psychiatric Home Care 340(1)

Psychiatric Home Care Nursing 340(13)

Historical Perspective 340(1)

Principles of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing 341(1)

Goals of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing 341(1)

Services of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing 342(1)

Client Characteristics 342(1)

Providers 343(10)

Violence and Abuse Within the Community 353(24)

Kathleen R. Delaney

Delia Esparza

Diane Hinderliter

Karen Van Dyke Lamb

Wanda K. Mohr

The Ecological Model of Violence 354(1)

Societal Influences and Macrosystem 354(1)

Microsystem 355(1)

Individual Factors 355(1)

Public Health Approach to Violence Prevention 355(1)

Youth Violence 356(2)

Risk and Protective Factors for Youth Violence 356(1)

Public Health Approach to Youth Violence 357(1)

Nurses' Role in Youth Violence Prevention Efforts 357(1)

Family Violence 358(7)

Intimate Partner Violence 358(2)

Child Maltreatment 360(3)

Elder Abuse 363(2)

Rape and Sexual Assault 365(12)

Types of Rape 365(1)

Rape Trauma Syndrome 366(1)

Additional Ramifications of Rape 367(1)

Treatment for Survivors of Rape or Sexual Assault 367(10)

Forensic Nursing 377(18)

Cindy A. Peternelj-Taylor

Anita G. Hufft

Forensic Settings 379(1)

Factors Contributing to Incarceration 379(1)

Court Diversion Schemes 380(1)

Characteristics of the Forensic Population 380(3)

Mentally III Offenders 380(1)

Violent Offenders 380(1)

Special Populations 381(2)

Effects of Incarceration on Mental Health 383(1)

Characteristics of Forensic Psychiatric Nurses 383(12)

Attitudes 383(1)

Skills 384(11)

Crisis Intervention 395(16)

Phyllis M. Connolly

Crisis Theory 396(4)

Phases of a Crisis 397(1)

Types of Crises 398(2)

Crisis Prevention 400(1)

Crisis Intervention and Stabilization 400(11)

Crisis Intervention Versus Traditional Therapies 401(1)

Crisis Intervention Across Contexts 401(1)

Characteristics and Skills of the Crisis Intervener 401(1)

Crisis Intervention Variations 402(9)

Homeless Clients 411(14)

Kay Peterson

Demographics 412(1)

Homelessness and Mental Illness 412(13)

Factors Contributing to Homelessness in the Mentally III 414(2)

Critical Issues Affecting the Homeless Mentally III 416(9)

UNIT IV NURSING CARE FOR CLIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 425(344)

The Client With a Sleep Disorder 427(18)

Nancy S. Redeker

Sleep 428(3)

Physiology of Sleep 428(1)

Purposes of Sleep 429(1)

Influences on Sleep 430(1)

Sleep Disorders 431(14)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 432(4)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 436(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 436(9)

The Client With an Anxiety Disorder 445(26)

Judith A. Greene

Anxiety 446(2)

The Continuum of Anxiety 446(1)

Normal Versus Abnormal Anxiety 447(1)

Anxiety Disorders 448(23)

Etiology 448(1)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 449(9)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 458(1)

Differential Diagnosis 459(1)

Implications and Prognoses 459(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 459(12)

The Client With a Somatoform or Dissociative Disorder 471(36)

Carol J. Cornwell

Somatoform Disorders 472(19)

Epidemiology 473(1)

Cultural Considerations 473(1)

Etiology 473(1)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 473(5)

Differential Diagnoses 478(1)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 479(1)

Implications and Prognosis 479(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 479(12)

Dissociative Disorders 491(16)

Epidemiology 492(1)

Cultural Considerations 492(1)

Etiology 492(1)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 493(1)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 494(2)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 496(11)

The Client With a Sexual or Gender Disorder 507(26)

Delia Esparza

Human Sexuality 508(3)

Effects of Sexual Orientation on Sexual Expression 509(1)

Effects of Culture on Sexual Expression 509(1)

Effects of III Health on Sexual Expression 509(2)

Normal Age-Related Sexual Changes 511(1)

Sexual and Gender Disorders 511(22)

Sexual Dysfunction Disorders 511(17)

Paraphilias 528(1)

Gender Identity Disorders 529(1)

Compulsive Sexual Behavior 529(4)

The Client With a Personality Disorder 533(20)

Judith Greene

Personality Disorders 534(16)

Etiology 534(1)

Signs and Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria 534(7)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 541(1)

Implications and Prognosis 541(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 541(9)

Nurse's Self-Care 550(3)

The Client With an Eating Disorder 553(24)

Susan D. Decker

Eating Disorders 554(23)

Etiology 554(3)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 557(3)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 560(1)

Implications and Prognosis 560(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 560(17)

The Client With a Mood Disorder 577(42)

Carol J. Cornwell

Mood Disorders 578(41)

Epidemiology 578(1)

Etiology 579(4)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 583(7)

Implications and Prognosis 590(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 590(29)

The Client With a Thought Disorder 619(40)

Geraldine S. Pearson

Schizophrenia and Other Thought Disorders 620(39)

The Stigma of Schizophrenia 621(1)

Etiology 621(5)

Signs and Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria 626(8)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 634(1)

Differential Diagnosis 634(1)

Implications and Prognosis 634(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 635(24)

The Client Who Displays Angry, Aggressive, or Violent Behavior 659(28)

Bonnie Louise Rickelman

Aggressive Behavior, Hostility-Related Variables, and Violence 660(27)

Aggression and Violence in People With Psychiatric Diagnoses 661(2)

Aggression and Violence Associated With Selected Medical Conditions 663(4)

Aggression and Violence Associated With Psychological Factors 667(1)

Aggression and Violence Associated With Social-Environmental Factors 668(1)

Legal Issues 668(1)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 669(18)

The Client Who Abuses Drugs or Alcohol 687(36)

Carol J. Cornwell

Melissa K. Lickteig

Substance Abuse and Dependence 688(35)

Historical Context 688(1)

Epidemiology 689(1)

Prenatal Alcohol and Drug Abuse 690(1)

Cultural and Ethnic Considerations 690(2)

Etiology 692(2)

Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses 694(1)

Implications and Prognosis 694(1)

Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria 695(4)

Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment 699(24)

The Client With a Cognitive Disorder 723(46)

Anita Amel Thompson-Heisterman

Cognitive Disorders 724(45)

Delirium 726(8)

Dementia 734(30)

Amnestic Disorders 764(5)

UNIT V NURSING CARE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 769(62)

The Pediatric Client 771(40)

Wanda K. Mohr

Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents 772(12)

Theories of Child Development 773(2)

Risk Factors for Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders 775(2)

Protective and Resilient Influences for Mental Health 777(1)

General Interventions for Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders 777(7)

Common Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents 784(4)

Disruptive Behavior Disorders 788(7)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 788(6)

Oppositional Defiant Disorder 794(1)

Conduct Disorder 795(1)

Adjustment Disorders 795(1)

Anxiety Disorders 795(2)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 795(1)

Phobias 796(1)

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) 796(1)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 796(1)

Separation Anxiety Disorder 796(1)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 796(1)

Mood Disorders 797(4)

Depression 797(3)

Bipolar Disorder 800(1)

Autism Spectrum Disorders 801(1)

Autism 801(1)

Asperger's Syndrome 801(1)

Eating Disorders 802(1)

Substance Abuse 802(1)

Tic Disorders 803(1)

Trichotillomania 803(2)

Suicide 805(1)

Children with Medical Illness or Disability 805(1)

Mental Retardation 806(1)

Nurses' Self-Care 806(5)

The Older Adult With a Mental Health Issue 811(20)

Anita Amel Thompson-Heisterman

Demographics of Aging and Future Trends 812(1)

Biopsychosocial Components of Aging 813(4)

Biologic Issues and Influences 813(1)

Biologic Risk Factors Affecting Health and Functional Status 814(1)

Psychosocial Issues and Influences of Aging 815(1)

Sociopolitical Issues and Influences 816(1)

The Older Adult with a Psychiatric Disorder 817(4)

Sleep Disorders 817(1)

Anxiety Disorders 817(2)

Somatoform Disorders 819(1)

Mood Disorders 819(1)

Schizophrenia 820(1)

Delusional Disorders 820(1)

Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders 821(1)

Cognitive Disorders 821(1)

Communicating Effectively With Older Adults 821(1)

Care of the Older Adult 821(6)

Components of a Comprehensive Mental Health Assessment 822(2)

Intervention and Treatment 824(2)

Role of the Nurse 826(1)

Promoting Mental Health and Wellness in Older Adults 827(4)

Nutrition and Fluids 827(1)

Mental and Physical Activities 827(1)

Support Systems 828(3)
Glossary 831(12)
Appendix A 843(34)
Appendix B 877(8)
Appendix C 885(2)
Appendix D 887(4)
Appendix E 891(2)
Appendix F 893(1)
Appendix G 894(1)
Index 895