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作者: 劳伦斯·S.赖茨曼
出版社:法律出版社 2018年01月
简介:
美国*法院总是在美国人的生活中发挥着重要作用。目前*法院正处于一个变革时期,因此我们通过研究把握其运转的内核显得特别重要。《*法院的心理学》的目标是在描述美国*法院主要运行领域的基础上,运用社会科学知识对其进行分析解释。这些领域包括提名和确认大法官、*法院筛选案件和审理案件的程序、影响大法官成败的个人品质、首席大法官的影响力以及其他需要审视和改革的诸多领域。《*法院的心理学》对布什诉戈尔案进行了详细的考察分析,其目的就在于把握是什么因素影响了*法院的判决。通过数据分析系统地预测大法官的投票和*法院的判决也是本书的创新。
【目录】
序言
致谢
第1章*法院:鲜为人知的机构
第2章遴选*法院大法官的特点
第3章*法院审理案件的步骤
第4章*法院的日常工作
第5章判决形成的心理学分析
第6章判决中的理性选择模式
第7章布什诉戈尔案
第8章作为个体的大法官们是如何影响判决的?
第9章首席大法官:比其他大法官更具影响力吗?
第10章*法院的判决是否能被预测?
第11章评估*法院的运行过程
参考文献
索引
【免费在线读】
总序
司法权在本质上是判断权,司法行为本身就是一项十分精细的智力活动。司法改革的深化,从外部看来是尊重司法规律前提下的职业化和专门化,从内部看来是促进司法智力活动的精细化,表现为从司法思维、司法推理、司法心理、司法技术、司法决策在专业上都更加精细和更加具体。我们组织翻译的这套"司法理论译丛",其中多数是关于司法行为内部的,甚至是专注于司法思维与心理的专题性论著。这套译丛的目的是追踪和了解国外司法理论的当代经典和*成果,同时也从国外司法行为的内部去观察其精细化程度和发展趋势。
在当下和更长的一段时间内,这个话题是有现实意义的。相对于法官的内在思维、心理和行为而言,司法体制和机制改革还只是外部问题。对于优秀的法官而言,无论司法体制和机制改革到什么程度,他们的思维、心理和行为始终在精细化地运行。正如航空器无论运行状况如何,宇航员仍然要保持大脑清醒和动作精准一样。尽管司法改革从外部做手术,但是司法行为内部仍然是法官思维和心理在起支配作用。相对于目前的司法体制与机制改革,关注并研究司法思维和司法行为是永久的实践任务和学术目标。因此,司法思维、心理和行为的研究是更接近司法实践、更有深层理论含量、更有持续学术生命力的一个领域。
这套译丛有一个特点,那就是这些著作具有跨学科研究的特点,有的著作的作者本身是心理学家或人工智能学者,有的著作是法学家与心理学家合作作品。这套译丛的选题组织者和译者,都是活跃在法理学和司法理论研究领域的中青年学者,他们既关注法理学和法哲学的传统问题,又关注司法行为内部的*前沿问题,能够很好地把法理学-法哲学研究素养和前沿的司法行为问题结合起来。相信在司法改革这一现实背景之下,这套译丛可以为法学界和司法界提供一些更具开放意识的新视角,为我们更为深入地理解司法本身性质和司法行为规律,乃至为我们眼下正在进行的司法改革和未来可能的司法活动提供基础性和前沿性的准备。
序言
*法院对人们的认知提出了挑战。*法院的判决和大法官的个人举动时常令人吃惊。随着2005年夏天*法院开庭期的结束,法院观察人士确信,首席大法官伦奎斯特将会辞职,但宣布辞职的却是奥康纳大法官。首席大法官坚定地宣布,只要身体条件允许,他将会在*法院一直干下去。两周后,奥康纳宣布了这个惊人的辞职决定。但是两个月后,伦奎斯特去世,*法院宣布了另一个惊人的决定:布什总统提名出任*法院大法官的约翰·罗伯茨晋升为首席大法官。
作为一个受公众关注的机构,*法院形成了固定的宣传口径。就奥康纳大法官辞职一事,媒体将奥康纳大法官誉为是*法院的"秋千票"。虽然这种说法在过去基本属实,但是在她宣布辞职之前刚结束的*法院开庭期内,布雷耶大法官,而非奥康纳大法官,才是在多数5∶4的案件判决中投出了关键的第五票。事实上,在许多重要的案件判决中,奥康纳大法官都是处于少数票一方,她在74个做出判决的案件中撰写了11份不同意见。
人们将大法官们划分成保守或自由阵营。但大法官们并非总是循规蹈矩。正如本书所分析的那样,尽管上述划分反映了大法官在某些案件中的投票和裁判依据,但是每位大法官的决定和投票远比简单的政治立场要复杂得多。例如,在2004~2005年司法年度,24个案件的投票结果是5∶4。保守主义多数仅在5个案件中抱团,其中在8个案件中,有一位保守主义立场的大法官加入自由主义阵营形成了多数意见。
对*法院的研究可以有许多不同的视角。心理学尝试将*法院作为一个由不同个体组成的组织看待,而这些个体追求某些共同的目标但又各自存在差异。心理学分析通过概念和理论来描述和解释大法官的行为。例如:
1.首席大法官伦奎斯特在*法院的*后一个开庭期的许多投票就令人吃惊。例如支持米兰达案(Miranda)的判决,要求警察告知犯罪嫌疑人享有的权利。在一些案件中则支持起诉政府的公民享有探亲和休病假的权利。领导经过多年"苦干"所赢得的,心理学学者称其为性格信用。大法官们偶尔也会偏离性格信用做出支持者们所不期望的决定。
2.与基于过去投票形成的统计模型或专家预测不同,*法院的一致投票远多于8∶1的投票。和任何其他小型且紧密结合的组织一样,*法院同样存在迫于压力一致投票的情况。
3.大法官们彼此之间都存在差异。当然,每一个5∶4案件投票结果都证明,每一位大法官都可能影响案件产生不同的结果,不过本书专门考察了新任首席大法官可能对案件结果产生的影响。例如,1952年文森担任首席大法官,布朗诉教育委员会案(Brown v.Board ofEducation)在*法院首次审理即遇冷。*法院对此案产生了分裂,如果进行投票,判决结果胜负皆有可能。文森首席大法官的突然去世以及厄尔·沃伦出任首席大法官意味着强势领导人物的出现,这导致*法院一致支持在公立学校废除种族隔离。
本书的目标是在描述*法院主要运行领域的基础上,运用社会科学知识逐一进行分析解释。这些领域包括提名和确认大法官、*法院筛选案件和审理案件的程序、影响大法官成败的个人品质、首席大法官的影响力以及其他需要审视和改革的诸多领域。本书对布什诉戈尔案(Bush v.Gore)进行了详细的考察分析,其目的就在于把握是什么因素导致近年来*法院做出了*重要的判决。通过数据分析系统地预测大法官的投票和*法院的判决也是本书的创新。
本书是对我此前出版的《司法决策:与心理学相关吗?》(Judicial Decision Making:Is Psychology Relevant?)(1999年出版)一书的延伸和扩展。在那本书中,我侧重于通过运用组织心理学来考察法庭之友在影响*法院判决结果方面的作用。本书的目的更为宽泛,试图将*法院视为一个在现实中不断变化的组织进行全面考察。心理学的方法是经验式的,因此本书进行了数据分析,例如,申请*法院审理的案件数量以及决定审理的数量,被*法院推翻的案件比例,做出一致判决的比例,以及从大法官会议到*终做出判决过程中改变投票的数量。当然,心理学也关注参与该组织的人员性格的影响。为什么厄尔·沃伦担任首席大法官时成效显著,而文森首席大法官却没有,什么样的品质导致威廉·布伦南,以及后来的奥康纳大法官非常有影响力。
*法院总是在美国人的生活中发挥着重要作用。但是目前*法院正在经历一个变革时期,因此我们通过研究把握其运转的内核显得特别重要。
致谢
写作本书是一件令人愉快的事。尽管写作是我完成的,但是许多人为本书的写作做出了贡献。Cindy Sexton帮我解决了电脑的问题。我得到了堪萨斯大学诸位学生的帮助,其中JustinLaMort在查明模糊的参考文献方面给予我很多的帮助,Mary Pitman提请我关注相关网站,Angela Rasmussen的贡献丰富了我的认识,应我的请求,她在托马斯大法官访问堪萨斯大学期间提了一个问题("大法官们私下是如何称呼首席大法官的?他们像称呼彼此一样叫他的姓氏吗?""不,他们称他为'首席'。")。
Ronald Roesch教授,也是美国心理学-法学协会系列丛书编辑,办事非常高效并且不断鼓励我,这不仅体现在获取书稿的评论意见方面,而且体现在和出版社一道工作,尤其是对我的整个书稿提出了一份详细的批评意见。
牛津大学出版社的工作人员给予我非常多的帮助。出版社副社长、科学、职业和医疗书籍主任编辑Joan H.Bossert和我见面并对本书的书名提出了建议。心理学执行编辑MariclaireCloutier通过进一步的审稿提升了书稿的质量。心理学助理编辑Joseph Zito以及见习编辑Cristina Wojdylo和我在写作过程中经常进行交流。
当然,尽管有诸位的努力付出,但本书的任何错误皆由我承担。
作者: Cypi 著
出版社:人民出版社 2011年10月
简介: Contemporary Jewelry Art presents the work of more than fortyof the best and brightest young jewelry designers around the world.Their work is not about luxury or even permanence. Rather, theworks within focus on the most creative use of common, inexpensivematerials. The book is organized according to the materials used,including metal, ceramics, stone, wood, fur, textiles, plastic,soap, and rubber. The aesthetic of each piece, whether simple orsculpturally intricate, balances the designer's unique perspectivewith the constraints and possibilities of each medium - from theelasticity of plastic to the solid weight of stone, silver, andiron. Interviews with each designer illuminating the concept andcreative work process renders this book a useful guide for everyonefrom the established jewelry designer to the independent crafterhoping to break into the industry. Designers featured include HannaHedman, Mari Ishikawa, Iris Bodemer, Karl Fritsch, Marina Messone,Annika Pettersson, Maria Cristina Bellucci, Mirla Fernandes, andTimothy McMahon.
简介:Almost one million Cubans have fled to the United States since the 1959 revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power. This migration is one of the most fascinating and unusual in American history; it involves a population of largely first-generation immigrants who have adapted economically and politically to American life while maintaining a distinct cultural identity. Maria Cristina Garcia - a Cuban refugee herself, who was raised in the Cuban community of Miami and experienced firsthand many of the developments she describeshas written the most comprehensive and revealing account of the postrevolutionary Cuban migration to date. As exiles, Cubans have tried to define what it means to be Cuban in another country. They have created hundreds of organizations to define and assert their cubanidad. Miami has become the center of Cuban creativity in the United States, and it is home to some of Cuba鈥檚 most important artists, writers, and intellectuals. Despite their original intentions, the emigres have become as American as they are Cuban. They have integrated into south Florida鈥檚 labor market and created a vibrant business community that has revitalized the local economy and drawn other immigrants to the area. They have learned to work within the U.S. political system and now demonstrate political clout both in Miami and in Washington, D.C.
简介:Anthropologists have increasingly noted that immigrants live their lives across borders and maintain close ties to home, even when their countries of origin and settlement are geographically distant. Forging links at a variety of levels--familial, economic, social, organizational, religious, and political--these immigrants maintain a high level ... more 籵f involvement in both their home and host societies. To describe this new way of life, some social scientists have begun to use the term "transnational." In this volume, a noted group of researchers explores the implications of this new global phenomenon.The authors begin by linking the emergence of transnationalism to changes in the global economy, especially the extensive penetration of capital into the third world. They suggest the transnational lives of contemporary migrants call into question the bounded conceptualizations of race, class, ethnicity, and nationalism which pervade both social science and popular thinking. They then discuss the construction of migrants' transnational identity, exploring transformations of class practices and racial categories, as well the restructuring of women's and men's lives in the deployment of cultural capital. Finally, they examine the relationship between transnational populations and nation states as well as the challenge posed to nationalism by the existence of these transnational populations.Contributors: Lambros Comitas, Nina Glick Schiller, Linda Basch, Cristina Blanc-Szanton, Roger Rouse, Johanna Lessinger, Eurenia Georges, Carolle Charles, Aihwa Ong, Bela Feldman-Bianco, Rosina Wiltshire, Karen Richman, Barry Goldberg, Delmos Jones, Palmira Rios, Gerald Sider, Constance R. Sutton, and Antonio Lauria-Perricelli. ?less
简介:Piecing together 200 years of convent history, this narrative tells the story of the nuns of Santa Cristina della Fondazza--gifted singers, instrumentalists, and composers who used music to circumvent ecclesiastical authority and to forge links with the world beyond convent walls. Craig Monson reconstructs the daily lives of Italian nuns, often in their own words, and relates their musical life to the broad social context in which it unfolded. He introduces a virtually unknown nun composer, relating her family history and how the convent allowed her creativity to flower. In sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century Bologna, approximately one-seventh of the entire female population lived behind convent walls. Santa Cristina became home for a number of gifted women musicians, many from among the upper classes, who sought "respectable" musical careers. Monson documents the struggle of these women as they fought to maintain their musical and ritual traditions in the face of persistent opposition from church officials. Figuring prominently in the story of Santa Cristina is Lucrezia Vizzana, Bologna鈥檚 only published nun composer, who entered the convent at the age of eight. This study is as much about social and cultural history as it is about music. The discussion ranges widely beyond musicology to draw upon art, social and political history, labor history, theology, and gender studies. --From publisher鈥檚 description.
作者: (西)克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·库巴斯(Cristina Fernandez Cubas)著;朱凯译
出版社:人民文学出版社,2007
简介:《天赐之年》是一部现代版的《鲁滨孙飘流记》。前神学院学生达尼尔得到姐姐的慷慨资助,可有一年时间乘船出海漫游。他同老船长让大叔和怪癖而阴郁的埃及水手纳吉布一同登上了开往格拉斯哥的破旧老船“天意”号。途中,海上骤起风暴,“天意”号被打翻,船体残骸漂流到一个无名小岛附近的礁石间,只有达尼尔一人幸免于难。岛上荒漠般的生态环境和一群变异绵羊引起他的警觉,随即他又遇上一个形同野人般的牧羊人格罗克,并与他结为患难之交。在经历了一系千奇百怪的事件之后,他终于明白,海岛生态失衡并遭毁灭,是由于军方为研制生物武器而实施的神秘试验造成的。达尼尔最终被救出小岛,但他的伙伴老牧羊人却死于现代文明的枪口之下。
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 This volume contains a cogent analysis of recent fiction and poetry concerning the lives of Chinese in Cuba, and also offers a thorough discussion of the history of Chinese immigration and life in Cuba, with extensive discussion of the topics of Orientalism as it is manifested in Spanish-speaking countries, slavery, colonialism, and racism. Through discussion of the history of the Chinese community and the shifting treatment and attitudes towards Chinese-Cubans, supported by analysis of works that include Monkey Hunting and The Messenger by Cristina Garc铆a and Zo茅 Vald茅s's I gave you all I had, a complex and vivid image is created of this Cuban community. L贸pez-Calvo is professor of Spanish at the U. of California, Merced. Annotation 漏2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Publisher Summary 2 More than 150 years ago, the first Chinese contract laborers ("coolies") arrived in Cuba to work the colonial plantations. Eventually, over 150,000 Chinese immigrated to the island, and their presence has had a profound effect on all aspects of Cuban cultural production, from food to books to painting. Ignacio L贸pez-Calvo's interpretations often go against the grain of earlier research, refusing to conceive of Cuban identity either in terms of a bipolar black/white opposition or an idyllic and harmonious process of miscegenation. He also counters traditional representations of chinos mambises, Chinese immigrants who fought for Cuba in the Wars of Independence against Spain. Imaging the Chinese in Cuban Literature and Culture fills a void in literary criticism, breaking new ground within the small field of Sino-Cuban studies. It is destined to set the tone for years to come.
作者: (西)克里斯蒂娜·法尔贡·马尔多纳多(Cristina Falcón Maldonado)编;(西)约瑟夫·玛利亚·卡尔多纳(Josep Maria Cardona)绘;刘天心,许嫚喻,徐婧涵译
出版社:北京大学出版社,2012
简介: 从西班牙GEMSER出版社引进出版。通过一个有趣的故事向孩子们介绍了参与的重要性,培养孩子社区精神。《我喜欢做我自己!》图文并茂,情节有趣,画面精美,是绘本中的精品。
简介:Between the Linesexamines the role of three women poets of African descent--Frances Harper, Cristina Ayala, and Auta de Souza--in shaping the literary history of the Americas. Despite their different geographic locations, each shared common concerns and wrestled in their works with the sociopolitical predicaments of the late nineteenth century. Their verse vigorously examined slavery and confronted the existential struggle against boundaries imposed by race, nation, and gender. The writers each conceived of the poem as a dynamic forum where new concepts of individual and collective freedoms could be imagined. In their work readers encounter the poem as a site of cross-cultural exchange, a literary space in which the boundaries of nation can be redefined.Between the Linesplaces national poetics in a global economy of identities, histories and languages. It looks to poetry to demonstrate how people translate from one cultural or linguistic arena to another, how literary expression writes identities, and how language is used to conceptualize history. The book is the first to juxtapose Cuba, Brazil and the United States in a study of nineteenth-century women's poetry, and the first to include the Lusophone literary tradition in a comparative study of African descendants in Latin America, the U.S., and the Caribbean. With close readings and expertly rendered translations, Monique-Adelle Callahan situates the work of these three poets in a hemispheric context that opens up their writing to new interpretations and expands the definition of "African American" literature.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 "In She-Wolf: The Story of a Roman Icon, Cristina Mazzoni examines the evolution of the she-wolf as a symbol in western history, art, and literature, from antiquity to contemporary times"--Provided by publisher. Publisher Summary 2 "Since antiquity, the she-wolf has served as the potent symbol of Rome. For more than two thousand years, the legendary animal that rescued Romulus and Remus has been the subject of historical and political accounts, literary treatments in poetry and prose, and visual representations in every medium. In She-Wolf: The Story of a Roman Icon, Cristina Mazzoni examines the evolution of the she-wolf as a symbol in western history, art, and literature, from antiquity to contemporary times. Used, for example, as an icon of Roman imperial power, papal authority, and the distance between the present and the past, the she-wolf has also served as an allegory for greed, good politics, excessive female sexuality, and, most recently, modern, multi-cultural Rome. Mazzoni engagingly analyzes the various role guises of the she-wolf over time in the first comprehensive study in any language on this subject"--Provided by publisher.
简介:This book examines Chinese transnationalism as a distinctive domain within the new "flexible" capitalism emerging in the Asia-Pacific region. Interweaving anthropology, cultural studies, and interpretive political economy, essays in this book are based on new ethnographic research, in a range of sites, that examine the connections of human agency, cultural politics, and indeed pathos. Critiquing the view that these changes are the product of the ways that late capitalism and its concomitants--flexibility, travel, sub-contracting, multiculturalism, and mass media--are reworking the identities of an ethnic population in different global situations. Contributors: Cristina Szanton Blanc, Prasenjit Duara, Takeshi Hamashita, You-tien Hsing, Ching Kwan Lee, Xin Liu, Katharyne Mitchell, Donal Nonini, Aihwa Ong, Carl Trocki, Wong Siu Lun, and Mayfair Mei-Hui Yang.
Napoleon and the empire of fashion : 1795-1815 /
作者: Cristina Barreto, Martin Lancaster.
简介: Thanks to a prestigious private collection, this book explains how from the Napoleonic era onwards, the clothing of men, women and children acquired a social, cultural, and economic importance it had never had before in the history of the Western world. From this moment on, we may rightly talk about fashion in the sense we understand it today. Dress evolved year after year. It reflected historical and political events, industrial advances and technical development, influences of the arts and culture, and the taste of the rich and powerful.This unique catalog presents more than 100 perfectly preserved and restored articles of clothing, including day dresses, bridal and evening gowns, embroidered slips and petticoats, shawls and cloaks, men’s jackets and topcoats, walking sticks, and scarves and collars, all teamed with shoes, handbags, hats, and costume jewelry.
简介:"This book is a contribution to an understanding of Heidegger and an attempt to bridge the chasm between the traditions of analytic philosophy and Continental philosophy. Cristina Lafont applies the methods of analytic philosophy to Heidegger's work providing both a clearer exegesis and a powerful critique of his approach to language." "This book will appeal to a broad array of serious students (in philosophy, literary theory, and other areas of the humanities) of arguably the most influential philosopher of the twentieth century."--BOOK JACKET.
Art of the royal court : treasures in Pietre Dure from the palaces of Europe /
作者: Wolfram Koeppe and Annamaria Giusti ; with contributions by Cristina Acidini ... [et al.] ; edite...
简介:"In the royal and princely courts of Europe, artworks madeof multicolored semiprecious stones were passionately coveted objects. Known as pietre dure, or hardstones, thistype of artistic expression includes "paintings in stone";vessels and ornaments carved from a single piece of rare and brilliant lapis lazuli, chalcedony, jasper, or similarly prized substance; exquisite objects such as boxes, clocks, and jewelry that employed both the stonecutter's and the goldsmith's art; and portraits of nobles sculpted in variously colored stones." "Eight essays by European and American experts describe the individualized development of pietre dure in every European region, present the latest developments in scholarship, point out interrelationships between art and dynastic politics and between cultures, and elucidate a variety of techniques by which the works were made."--BOOKJACKET.
软件重用:方法、技术与工具/会议录Software reuse:Methods,Techniques,and Tools
作者: Cristina
出版社:湖南文艺出版社 2002年12月
简介:
The LNCS series reports state-of-the-art results in computer science research,development,and education,at a high level and in both printed and electronic form. Enjoying tight cooperation with the R&D community,with numerous individuals,as well as with prestigious organizations and societies,LNCS has grown into the most comprehensive computer science research forum available.
The scope of LNCS,including its subseries LNAI,spans the whole range of computer science and information technology including interdisciplinary topics in a variety of application fields. The type of material published traditionally includes.
—proceedings (published in time for the respective conference)
—post-proceedings (consisting of thoroughly revised final full papers)
—research monographs(which may be based on outstanding PhD work,research projects,technical reports,etc.).
BLUE HOUSES.SUSTAINABLE HOMES-HB 9788492463930
作者: Cristina
出版社: 2010年10月
简介:
In this book we aim tO make our readers bet.ter acquaintedwith sustainable architecture.All kinds of options arepresented,since green architecture is not only a question of havinga house built without CO:emissions or one that is completelyself-sufficient with respect tO elec.tricity or waterconsumption.Architecture is considered tO be green when it takesaccount of a number of different factors during the process ofconstructing a house and the impact a build.ing will havethroughout its life cycle:from the moment it is designed,erectedand used un—til it is pulled down at the end of the process.Theprojects shown in this book demonstrate a large range ofsustainable and environmentally friendly resources:from recoveringtraditional architectura]solutions such as cross ventila.tion orthe use of natural light tO new systems of insulation andself-sufficient energy supplies.These ideas and proposals will giveour readers a general idea of a type of architecture that is realand in a constant state of development.
【书摘与插画】
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