图解车工 数控车工快速入门

目　　录
出版说明
序
第
1章　车床概述 ···························· 1
1.1　概述 ·············································· 2
1.2　主轴箱 ··········································· 2
1.2.1　主轴 ········································ 2
1.2.2　变速箱
····································· 5
1.3　床身 ·············································· 5
1.4　溜板 ·············································· 5
1.4.1　床鞍 ········································ 5
1.4.2　丝杠和光杠
······························· 7
1.4.3　溜板箱
····································· 7
1.5　尾座 ·············································· 8
1.6　车床规格 ········································ 8
1.6.1　回转直径 ·································· 8
1.6.2　床身长度 ·································· 9
第
2章　车床上的工件夹紧和刀具
夹紧设备 ··························· 10
2.1　概述············································· 11
2.2　工件夹紧······································· 11
2.2.1　卡盘 ······································· 11
2.2.2　夹头 ·······································15
2.2.3　花盘 ·······································18
2.2.4　工件在两个顶尖之间夹紧·············18
2.2.5　心轴 ·······································22
2.2.6　工件的辅助支承方法···················23
2.3　刀具夹紧·······································25
2.3.1　摆杆式刀具夹紧·························25
2.3.2　快换式刀具夹紧·························26
2.3.3　可转位刀架
······························27
2.3.4　孔加工刀具夹紧·························28
第
3章　车床操作 ··························· 29
3.1　概述·············································30
3.2　背吃刀量、切削速度、进给量和加工工时
的计算·········································· 30
3.2.1　背吃刀量 ································· 30
3.2.2　切削速度 ································· 31
3.2.3　进给量
···································· 31
3.2.4　粗加工与精加工························· 31
3.2.5　加工工时的计算························· 32
3.3　通用车床操作安全事项 ····················· 32
3.4　端面车削和外圆车削 ························ 33
3.4.1　端面车削和外圆车削刀具············· 33
3.4.2　刀具的基本几何参数··················· 35
3.4.3　端面车削 ································· 41
3.4.4　外圆车削 ································· 46
3.4.5　轴肩车削 ································· 49
3.5　锉削与抛光 ···································· 54
3.6　中心孔钻与定点钻 ··························· 56
3.6.1　中心孔钻 ································· 56
3.6.2　定点钻
···································· 56
3.7　车床上的孔加工 ······························ 57
3.7.1　钻孔 ······································· 57
3.7.2　铰孔 ······································· 58
3.7.3　加工沉头孔和埋头孔··················· 58
3.7.4　镗孔 ······································· 58
3.7.5　加工内轴肩
······························ 60
3.8　使用丝锥和板牙加工螺纹 ·················· 61
3.9　成形加工 ······································· 61
3.10　切槽和切断 ·································· 62
3.11　滚花 ··········································· 64
第
4章　手动车螺纹 ························ 67
4.1　概述············································· 68
4.2　螺纹术语 ······································· 68
4.3　配合等级 ······································· 69
4.4　确定螺纹数据 ································· 70
4.4.1　外螺纹的螺纹大径······················ 70
4.4.2　内螺纹的螺纹小径······················ 70
4.4.3　刀架进给量
······························ 70
4.4.4　螺纹中径 ································· 72
4.5　在车床上加工螺纹 ··························· 72
4.6　车床的调整 ···································· 73
4.6.1　安装工件 ································· 73
4.6.2　调整进给箱
······························ 73
4.6.3　调整小滑板
······························ 74
4.6.4　调整主轴转速···························· 75
4.6.5　安装、调整刀具························· 75
4.7　车螺纹操作 ···································· 76
4.7.1　设置刀具的参考位置··················· 76
4.7.2　乱扣盘和开合螺母······················ 76
4.7.3　螺纹车刀的进刀与调位················ 77
4.7.4　螺纹收尾法
······························ 78
4.8　螺纹测量 ······································· 80
4.8.1　螺纹环规与塞规························· 80
4.8.2　螺纹千分尺
······························ 80
4.8.3　三线法
···································· 81
4.8.4　牙型测量 ································· 82
4.9　其他牙型 ······································· 82
4.9.1　梯形螺纹 ································· 82
4.9.2　圆锥管螺纹
······························ 82
4.9.3　锯齿形螺纹
······························ 83
第
5章　锥面车削 ··························· 84
5.1　概述············································· 85
5.2　典型锥面的尺寸标注法 ····················· 85
5.2.1　角度标注法
······························ 85
5.2.2　变化率标注法····························