Applied principles of horticultural science / 3rd ed.
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作 者：Laurie Brown.
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ISBN：9780750687027
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简介
Applied Principles of Horticultural Science is that critical thing for all students of horticulture - a book that teaches the theory of horticultural science through the practice of horticulture itelf.
The book is divided into three sections - Plant science, Soil science, Pest and disease. Each section contains a number of chapters relating to a major principle of applied horticulture. Each chapter starts with a key point summary and introduces the underpinning knowledge which is then reinforced by exercises. The book contains over 70 practical exercises, presented in a way that makes students think for themselves. Answers to the exercises are given at the end of chapters. Clear step-by-step instructions make practical work accessible to students of all abilities.
This new third edition provides an even wider sweep of case studies to make this book an essential practical workbook for horticulture students and gardners alike. Updated material fits with the latest RHS, City and Guilds and Edexcel syllabus. It is particularly suitable for the RHS Certificate, Advanced Certificate and Edexcel Diplomas as well as for those undertaking NPTC National, Advanced National courses and Horticulture NVQs at levels 2 and 3, together with the new Diploma in Environmental and Land-based studies.
Laurie Brown is a horticultural scientist and educator. He is Director of Academex, a consultancy company aspiring to excellence in teaching and learning. Laurie previously worked with the Standards Unit on the design of exemplary teaching resources in the land-based sector.
* Gain an understanding of the practical application of horticultural science
* Have the essential information for your course at your fingertips
* Test and confirm your learning with model questions and exercises throughout
目录
Contents 6
About the author 10
Preface 12
Acknowledgements 16
Part One: Plant science 18
Chapter 1 Plant kingdom: classification and nomenclature 20
Exercise 1.1 The plant kingdom 28
Exercise 1.2 Principles of classification 29
Exercise 1.3 Nomenclature for plant ordering 31
Exercise 1.4 Flowering plants (angiosperms) 33
Answers 37
Chapter 2 Seed propagation (viability and vigour) 39
Exercise 2.1 Seed structure and dissection 42
Exercise 2.2 Percentage germination 44
Exercise 2.3 Effects of seed age on germination 45
Exercise 2.4 Tetrazolium test 46
Exercise 2.5 Germination environment 48
Answers 50
Chapter 3 Propagation 51
Exercise 3.1 Vegetative propagation by cuttings 55
Exercise 3.2 Propagation and layering (stemrhizomes and stolons) 59
Exercise 3.3 Propagation and division (stem corms and bulbs) 61
Exercise 3.4 Propagation by division (bulbs) 63
Answers 64
Chapter 4 Weed \u2013 biology and control 65
Exercise 4.1 Weed collecting and identification 67
Exercise 4.2 Pressing and mounting weed specimens 69
Exercise 4.3 Root structure 70
Exercise 4.4 Cultural weed control 73
Exercise 4.5 Chemical weed control 76
Answers 79
Chapter 5 The leaf and photosynthesis 81
Exercise 5.1 Dicotyledonous leaf structure and photosynthesis 85
Exercise 5.2 Chlorophyll and photosynthesis 87
Exercise 5.3 Light and photosynthesis 89
Exercise 5.4 Carbon dioxide and photosynthesis 90
Exercise 5.5 Water and photosynthesis 93
Exercise 5.6 Oxygen and photosynthesis 94
Exercise 5.7 Cells and photosynthesis 95
Answers 99
Chapter 6 Respiration and storage 101
Exercise 6.1 Storage of plant materials 104
Exercise 6.2 Aerobic germination of pea seeds 106
Exercise 6.3 Anaerobic respiration of yeast 107
Exercise 6.4 Energy release during respiration 109
Answers 111
Chapter 7 Plant water 113
Exercise 7.1 Model of osmosis 114
Exercise 7.2 Diffusion 116
Exercise 7.3 Osmosis 117
Exercise 7.4 Plasmolysis 119
Exercise 7.5 Osmosis, diffusion and plasmolysis 121
Exercise 7.6 Root pressure osmosis 122
Answers 124
Chapter 8 Water transportation pathways and processes 126
Exercise 8.1 Stem tissue functions 128
Exercise 8.2 Transport through plant stems 130
Exercise 8.3 Water loss from leaf stomata 131
Exercise 8.4 Transpiration 133
Exercise 8.5 Transpiration balance 137
Exercise 8.6 The weather 138
Answers 140
Chapter 9 Flower structure 143
Exercise 9.1 Flower dissection 147
Exercise 9.2 Structure and function 148
Exercise 9.3 Floral structures 149
Exercise 9.4 Pollen investigation 151
Exercise 9.5 Insect-pollinated plants 153
Exercise 9.6 Fertilization 154
Answers 156
Part Two: Soil science 160
Chapter 10 Soil formation and texture 162
Exercise 10.1 Properties of soil particles 167
Exercise 10.2 Features of coarse, medium and fine grade sand 169
Exercise 10.3 Sand grade investigation 170
Exercise 10.4 Soil texture assessment 171
Exercise 10.5 Soil texture assessment of personal plot sites 173
Answers 175
Chapter 11 Soil structure and profiles 177
Exercise 11.1 Soil structure and profile assessment 181
Answers 186
Chapter 12 Soil water 187
Exercise 12.1 Available water-holding capacity 189
Exercise 12.2 Effects of waterlogged soils 191
Exercise 12.3 Capillary rise 192
Exercise 12.4 Plant physiological response to water stress 193
Answers 195
Chapter 13 Measuring soil pH 197
Exercise 13.1 Soil and compost pH testing 204
Exercise 13.2 Soil texture assessment 206
Answers 208
Chapter 14 Raising soil pH 209
Exercise 14.1 Soil texture and lime requirements 210
Exercise 14.2 Liming materials and neutralizing value 212
Exercise 14.3 Integration of skills 214
Answers 216
Chapter 15 Lowering soil pH (increasing soil acidity) 217
Exercise 15.1 Soil and compost pH testing 219
Exercise 15.2 Soil texture 219
Exercise 15.3 Free lime (calcium carbonate) content 220
Exercise 15.4 Sulphur requirements to lower pH 221
Exercise 15.5 Lowering pH \u2013 integration of skills 222
Answers 224
Chapter 16 Soil organisms and composting 226
Exercise 16.1 Classification of soil organisms 227
Exercise 16.2 Biodiversity in a compost heap 230
Answers 232
Chapter 17 Soil organic matter 233
Exercise 17.1 Soil organic matter determination 234
Exercise 17.2 Properties of organic matter 236
Exercise 17.3 Organic matter and nitrogen 237
Answers 240
Chapter 18 Plant nutrition 241
Exercise 18.1 Plant nutrition 243
Exercise 18.2 Tomato plant deficiency symptoms 243
Exercise 18.3 Function of plant nutrient 246
Exercise 18.4 Major nutrient roles 248
Exercise 18.5 Nitrate fertilizers 250
Answers 252
Chapter 19 Fertilizers 254
Exercise 19.1 Fertilizer nutrient content 258
Exercise 19.2 Structure of fertilizers 259
Exercise 19.3 Fertilizer spreading 260
Exercise 19.4 Types of fertilizer 261
Exercise 19.5 Speed and mode of nutrient release 262
Exercise 19.6 Fertilizer recommendations and calculations 264
Exercise 19.7 Area and amount of fertilizer required 267
Exercise 19.8 Total fertilizer quantity measurements 268
Answers 270
Part Three: Pest and disease 274
Chapter 20 Fungi 276
Exercise 20.1 Mycelium investigation 280
Exercise 20.2 Spore cases and germinating spores 282
Exercise 20.3 Spore cases and spore survival techniques 283
Exercise 20.4 Rust disease 284
Exercise 20.5 Powdery mildew disease 284
Exercise 20.6 Structure of a mushroom 285
Exercise 20.7 Spore mapping 286
Answers 288
Chapter 21 Insects and mites 290
Exercise 21.1 Pit fall trapping 292
Exercise 21.2 Pooter bug hunting 293
Exercise 21.3 Vine weevils (Otiorhynchus) 294
Exercise 21.4 Wireworms and click beetles (Agriotes, Athous and Ctenicera) 297
Exercise 21.5 Leatherjackets and cranefly (Diptera, Tipula) 298
Exercise 21.6 Cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) 299
Exercise 21.7 Cutworms 299
Exercise 21.8 Common gooseberry sawfly (Nematus ribesii) 300
Exercise 21.9 Cabbage white butterfly (Mamestra brassicae) 301
Exercise 21.10 Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 302
Exercise 21.11 Aphids (Hemiptera) 303
Answers 306
Chapter 22 Nematodes 309
Exercise 22.1 Vinegar nematode (Angiullula aceti) 311
Exercise 22.2 Nematode damage to plants 313
Exercise 22.3 Potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp) in soils 314
Answers 316
Chapter 23 Biological control 317
Exercise 23.1 Common uses of biological control agents 322
Exercise 23.2 Diagnosis of pest damage 326
Exercise 23.3 Monitoring pest levels 328
Exercise 23.4 Predators and prey 330
Answers 332
List of useful suppliers 334
Bibliography 336
Index 338
A 338
B 338
C 338
D 338
E 339
F 339
G 339
H 339
I 339
K 339
L 339
M 340
N 340
O 340
P 340
R 340
S 341
T 341
U 341
V 341
W 341
X 341
About the author 10
Preface 12
Acknowledgements 16
Part One: Plant science 18
Chapter 1 Plant kingdom: classification and nomenclature 20
Exercise 1.1 The plant kingdom 28
Exercise 1.2 Principles of classification 29
Exercise 1.3 Nomenclature for plant ordering 31
Exercise 1.4 Flowering plants (angiosperms) 33
Answers 37
Chapter 2 Seed propagation (viability and vigour) 39
Exercise 2.1 Seed structure and dissection 42
Exercise 2.2 Percentage germination 44
Exercise 2.3 Effects of seed age on germination 45
Exercise 2.4 Tetrazolium test 46
Exercise 2.5 Germination environment 48
Answers 50
Chapter 3 Propagation 51
Exercise 3.1 Vegetative propagation by cuttings 55
Exercise 3.2 Propagation and layering (stemrhizomes and stolons) 59
Exercise 3.3 Propagation and division (stem corms and bulbs) 61
Exercise 3.4 Propagation by division (bulbs) 63
Answers 64
Chapter 4 Weed \u2013 biology and control 65
Exercise 4.1 Weed collecting and identification 67
Exercise 4.2 Pressing and mounting weed specimens 69
Exercise 4.3 Root structure 70
Exercise 4.4 Cultural weed control 73
Exercise 4.5 Chemical weed control 76
Answers 79
Chapter 5 The leaf and photosynthesis 81
Exercise 5.1 Dicotyledonous leaf structure and photosynthesis 85
Exercise 5.2 Chlorophyll and photosynthesis 87
Exercise 5.3 Light and photosynthesis 89
Exercise 5.4 Carbon dioxide and photosynthesis 90
Exercise 5.5 Water and photosynthesis 93
Exercise 5.6 Oxygen and photosynthesis 94
Exercise 5.7 Cells and photosynthesis 95
Answers 99
Chapter 6 Respiration and storage 101
Exercise 6.1 Storage of plant materials 104
Exercise 6.2 Aerobic germination of pea seeds 106
Exercise 6.3 Anaerobic respiration of yeast 107
Exercise 6.4 Energy release during respiration 109
Answers 111
Chapter 7 Plant water 113
Exercise 7.1 Model of osmosis 114
Exercise 7.2 Diffusion 116
Exercise 7.3 Osmosis 117
Exercise 7.4 Plasmolysis 119
Exercise 7.5 Osmosis, diffusion and plasmolysis 121
Exercise 7.6 Root pressure osmosis 122
Answers 124
Chapter 8 Water transportation pathways and processes 126
Exercise 8.1 Stem tissue functions 128
Exercise 8.2 Transport through plant stems 130
Exercise 8.3 Water loss from leaf stomata 131
Exercise 8.4 Transpiration 133
Exercise 8.5 Transpiration balance 137
Exercise 8.6 The weather 138
Answers 140
Chapter 9 Flower structure 143
Exercise 9.1 Flower dissection 147
Exercise 9.2 Structure and function 148
Exercise 9.3 Floral structures 149
Exercise 9.4 Pollen investigation 151
Exercise 9.5 Insect-pollinated plants 153
Exercise 9.6 Fertilization 154
Answers 156
Part Two: Soil science 160
Chapter 10 Soil formation and texture 162
Exercise 10.1 Properties of soil particles 167
Exercise 10.2 Features of coarse, medium and fine grade sand 169
Exercise 10.3 Sand grade investigation 170
Exercise 10.4 Soil texture assessment 171
Exercise 10.5 Soil texture assessment of personal plot sites 173
Answers 175
Chapter 11 Soil structure and profiles 177
Exercise 11.1 Soil structure and profile assessment 181
Answers 186
Chapter 12 Soil water 187
Exercise 12.1 Available water-holding capacity 189
Exercise 12.2 Effects of waterlogged soils 191
Exercise 12.3 Capillary rise 192
Exercise 12.4 Plant physiological response to water stress 193
Answers 195
Chapter 13 Measuring soil pH 197
Exercise 13.1 Soil and compost pH testing 204
Exercise 13.2 Soil texture assessment 206
Answers 208
Chapter 14 Raising soil pH 209
Exercise 14.1 Soil texture and lime requirements 210
Exercise 14.2 Liming materials and neutralizing value 212
Exercise 14.3 Integration of skills 214
Answers 216
Chapter 15 Lowering soil pH (increasing soil acidity) 217
Exercise 15.1 Soil and compost pH testing 219
Exercise 15.2 Soil texture 219
Exercise 15.3 Free lime (calcium carbonate) content 220
Exercise 15.4 Sulphur requirements to lower pH 221
Exercise 15.5 Lowering pH \u2013 integration of skills 222
Answers 224
Chapter 16 Soil organisms and composting 226
Exercise 16.1 Classification of soil organisms 227
Exercise 16.2 Biodiversity in a compost heap 230
Answers 232
Chapter 17 Soil organic matter 233
Exercise 17.1 Soil organic matter determination 234
Exercise 17.2 Properties of organic matter 236
Exercise 17.3 Organic matter and nitrogen 237
Answers 240
Chapter 18 Plant nutrition 241
Exercise 18.1 Plant nutrition 243
Exercise 18.2 Tomato plant deficiency symptoms 243
Exercise 18.3 Function of plant nutrient 246
Exercise 18.4 Major nutrient roles 248
Exercise 18.5 Nitrate fertilizers 250
Answers 252
Chapter 19 Fertilizers 254
Exercise 19.1 Fertilizer nutrient content 258
Exercise 19.2 Structure of fertilizers 259
Exercise 19.3 Fertilizer spreading 260
Exercise 19.4 Types of fertilizer 261
Exercise 19.5 Speed and mode of nutrient release 262
Exercise 19.6 Fertilizer recommendations and calculations 264
Exercise 19.7 Area and amount of fertilizer required 267
Exercise 19.8 Total fertilizer quantity measurements 268
Answers 270
Part Three: Pest and disease 274
Chapter 20 Fungi 276
Exercise 20.1 Mycelium investigation 280
Exercise 20.2 Spore cases and germinating spores 282
Exercise 20.3 Spore cases and spore survival techniques 283
Exercise 20.4 Rust disease 284
Exercise 20.5 Powdery mildew disease 284
Exercise 20.6 Structure of a mushroom 285
Exercise 20.7 Spore mapping 286
Answers 288
Chapter 21 Insects and mites 290
Exercise 21.1 Pit fall trapping 292
Exercise 21.2 Pooter bug hunting 293
Exercise 21.3 Vine weevils (Otiorhynchus) 294
Exercise 21.4 Wireworms and click beetles (Agriotes, Athous and Ctenicera) 297
Exercise 21.5 Leatherjackets and cranefly (Diptera, Tipula) 298
Exercise 21.6 Cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) 299
Exercise 21.7 Cutworms 299
Exercise 21.8 Common gooseberry sawfly (Nematus ribesii) 300
Exercise 21.9 Cabbage white butterfly (Mamestra brassicae) 301
Exercise 21.10 Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 302
Exercise 21.11 Aphids (Hemiptera) 303
Answers 306
Chapter 22 Nematodes 309
Exercise 22.1 Vinegar nematode (Angiullula aceti) 311
Exercise 22.2 Nematode damage to plants 313
Exercise 22.3 Potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp) in soils 314
Answers 316
Chapter 23 Biological control 317
Exercise 23.1 Common uses of biological control agents 322
Exercise 23.2 Diagnosis of pest damage 326
Exercise 23.3 Monitoring pest levels 328
Exercise 23.4 Predators and prey 330
Answers 332
List of useful suppliers 334
Bibliography 336
Index 338
A 338
B 338
C 338
D 338
E 339
F 339
G 339
H 339
I 339
K 339
L 339
M 340
N 340
O 340
P 340
R 340
S 341
T 341
U 341
V 341
W 341
X 341
Applied principles of horticultural science / 3rd ed.
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