人力资源管理

CHAPTER 1

Motivating the Workforce 2

Enter the World of Business

Mars Incorporated: Where Employees Love toWork 3

Introduction 4

Nature of Human Relations 4

Historical Perspectives on EmployeeMotivation 7

Classical Theory of Motivation 7

The Hawthorne Studies 7

Theories of Employee Motivation 9

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 9

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 11

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y 12

Theory Z 13

Equity Theory 14

Expectancy Theory 15

Strategies for Motivating Employees 16

Behavior Modification 16

Job Design 16

Importance of Motivational Strategies 20

So You Think You May Be Good at Motivatinga

Workforce 21

Review Your Understanding 22

Revisit the World of Business 22

Learn the Terms 22

Check Your Progress 23

Get Involved 23

Build Your Skills: Motivating 23

Solve the Dilemma: Motivating to Win 24

Build Your Business Plan: Motivating theWorkforce 24

See for Yourself Videocase: The ContainerStore’s Secret to

Success: Employee Satisfaction 24

Team Exercise 25

CHAPTER 2

Organization, Teamwork, and Communication 26

Enter the World of Business

CarMax Uses Decentralized Structure toSupport Teamwork 27

Introduction 28

Organizational Culture 28

Developing Organizational Structure 30

Assigning Tasks 31

Specialization 31

Departmentalization 32

Assigning Responsibility 35

Delegation of Authority 36

Degree of Centralization 36

Span of Management 38

Organizational Layers 38

Forms of Organizational Structure 39

Line Structure 39

Line-and-Staff Structure 40

Multidivisional Structure 40

Matrix Structure 41

The Role of Groups and Teams inOrganizations 42

Committees 43

Task Forces 43

Teams 44

Communicating in Organizations 45

Formal Communication 46

Informal Communication Channels 47

Monitoring Communications 47

Improving Communication Effectiveness 48

So You Want a Job in ManagingOrganizational

Culture, Teamwork, and Communication 49

Review Your Understanding 49

Revisit the World of Business 50

Learn the Terms 50

Check Your Progress 50

Get Involved 51

Build Your Skills: Teamwork 51

Solve the Dilemma: Quest Star in Transition52

Build Your Business Plan: Organization,Teamwork, and

Communication 52

See for Yourself Videocase: Zappos CreatesOrganizational

Structure and Culture with Teams 53

Team Exercise 53

CHAPTER 3

Managing Human Resources 54

Enter the World of Business

The Recruitment Process of Cirque du Soleil55

Introduction 56

The Nature of Human Resources Management 56

Planning for Human Resources Needs 56

Recruiting and Selecting New Employees 57

Recruiting 57

Selection 59

Legal Issues in Recruiting and Selecting 62

Developing the Workforce 64

Training and Development 64

Assessing Performance 65

Turnover 67

Compensating the Workforce 68

Financial Compensation 69

Benefi ts 71

Managing Unionized Employees 73

Collective Bargaining 75

Resolving Disputes 76

The Importance of Workforce Diversity 77

The Characteristics of Diversity 77

Why Is Diversity Important? 78

The Benefi ts of Workforce Diversity 80

Affirmative Action 80

Trends in Management of the Workforce 81

So You Want to Work in Human Resources 83

Review Your Understanding 83

Revisit the World of Business 84

Learn the Terms 84

Check Your Progress 85

Get Involved 85

Build Your Skills: Appreciating and ValuingDiversity 85

Solve the Dilemma: Morale among theSurvivors 87

Build Your Business Plan: Managing HumanResources 87

See for Yourself Videocase: The Importanceof Hollywood Labor Unions 88

Team Exercise 88

Appendix

Personal Career Plan 89

Notes 95

Glossary 99

Photo Credits 103

Because employees do the actual work of the business and influencewhether the firm achieves its objectives, most top managers agree thatemployees are an organization’s most valuableresource. To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have themotivation, ability (appropriate knowledge and skills), and tools (propertraining and equipment) to perform their jobs. Chapter 3 covers topics relatedto managing human resources, such as those listed earlier. This chapter focuseson how to motivate employees.

We examine employees’needs andmotivation, managers’ views ofworkers, and several strategies for motivating employees. Managers whounderstand the needs of their employees can help them reach higher levels ofproductivity and thus contribute to the achievement of organizational goals.