管理

CHAPTER 1第1章

Options for Organizing Business 2 企业的组织形式

Enter the World of Business 进入商业世界

Shareholder Activism 3 股东激进主义

Introduction 4 引言

Sole Proprietorships 4 独资企业

Advantages of Sole Proprietorships 5 独资企业的优势

Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorships 6 独资企业的劣势

Partnerships 8 合伙企业

Types of Partnership 9 合伙企业的类型

Articles of Partnership 9 合伙条款

Advantages of Partnerships 10 合伙企业的优势

Disadvantages of Partnerships 12 合伙企业的劣势

Taxation of Partnerships 13 合伙企业的税负

Corporations 14 公司

Creating a Corporation 14 公司的创建

Types of Corporations 15 公司的类型

Elements of a Corporation 17 公司要素

Advantages of Corporations 19 公司的优势

Disadvantages of Corporations 20 公司的劣势

Other Types of Ownership 21 其他的所有权形式

Joint Ventures 21 合资企业

S Corporations 21 S 公司

Limited Liability Companies 22 有限责任公司

Cooperatives 22 合作社

Trends in Business Ownership: Mergers andAcquisitions 23 企业所有权的发展趋势 ：合并与收购

So You’d Like to Start a Business 26

Review Your Understanding 27

Revisit the World of Business 28

Learn the Terms 28

Check Your Progress 28

Get Involved 28

Build Your Skills: Selecting a Form ofBusiness 29

Solve the Dilemma: To Incorporate or Not toIncorporate 29

Build Your Business Plan: Options forOrganizing Business 30

See for Yourself Videocase: PODS Excels atOrganizing a Business 30

Team Exercise 31

CHAPTER 2第2章

Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Franchising 32 小型企业、创业企业和特许经营

Enter the World of Business 进入商业世界

Chobani Yogurt Fights for Dominance in theYogurt Market 33 乔巴尼抢占酸奶市场

Introduction 34 引言

The Nature of Entrepreneurship and SmallBusiness 34 创业企业和小型企业的实质

What Is a Small Business? 35 什么是小型企业

The Role of Small Business in the AmericanEconomy 36 小型企业在美国经济中扮演的角色

Industries That Attract Small Business 38 吸引小型企业的行业

Advantages of Small-Business Ownership 40 小型企业的优势

Independence 40 自主性

Costs 41 成本

Flexibility 41 灵活性

Focus 41 专注

Reputation 41 声誉

Disadvantages of Small-Business Ownership 41 小企业的劣势

High Stress Level 42 高压力

High Failure Rate 42 高失败率

Starting a Small Business 44 小型企业的创办

The Business Plan 44 商业计划

Forms of Business Ownership 45 企业所有权形式

Financial Resources 45 融资来源

Approaches to Starting a Small Business 47 创办小型企业的方法

Help for Small-Business Managers 49 小型企业管理者可获得的帮助

The Future for Small Business 50 小型企业的未来

Demographic Trends 50 人口发展趋势

Technological and Economic Trends 51 科技与经济趋势

Making Big Businesses Act “Small” 52 大公司如何像小型企业那样行动

So You Want to Be an Entrepreneur or Small-BusinessOwner 53

Review Your Understanding 53

Revisit the World of Business 54

Learn the Terms 54

Check Your Progress 55

Get Involved 55

Build Your Skills: Creativity 55

Solve the Dilemma: The Small-BusinessChallenge 56

Build Your Business Plan: Small Business,Entrepreneurship, and Franchising 57

See for Yourself Videocase: Sonic—ASuccessful Franchise with an Old-Fashioned Drive-In Experience 57

Team Exercise 58

CHAPTER 3 第3章

The Nature of Management 60 管理的本质

Enter the World of Business 进入商业世界

The Importance of Middle Managers 61 中层管理者的重要性

Introduction 62 引言

The Importance of Management 62 管理的重要性

Management Functions 63 管理的职能

Planning 63 规划

Organizing 67 组织

Staffing 67 人员配置

Directing 68 指导

Controlling 69 控制

Types of Management 70 管理的类型

Levels of Management 70 管理层级

Areas of Management 73 管理的领域

Skills Needed by Managers 75 管理者需要的技能

Technical Expertise 75 专业技能

Conceptual Skills 76 概念化技能

Analytical Skills 76 分析技能

Human Relations Skills 76 人际交往技能

Leadership 76 领导力

Employee Empowerment 79 员工授权

Decision Making 79 决策制定

Recognizing and Defining the DecisionSituation 80 识别和界定决策情形

Developing Options 81 制订可选方案

Analyzing Options 81 分析可选方案

Selecting the Best Option 82 选择*方案

Implementing the Decision 82 执行决策

Monitoring the Consequences 82 监测效果

Management in Practice 82 实践中的管理

So You Want to Be a Manager 84

Review Your Understanding 84

Revisit the World of Business 85

Learn the Terms 85

Check Your Progress 85

Get Involved 85

Build Your Skills: Functions of Management 86

Solve the Dilemma: Making Infi nityComputers Competitive 87

Build Your Business Plan: The Nature ofManagement 87

See for Yourself Videocase: Planning Drivesthe Success of Ford Fusion 88

Team Exercise 89

CHAPTER 4第4章

Organization, Teamwork, and Communication 90组织、团队和沟通

Enter the World of Business 进入商业世界

CarMax Uses Decentralized Structure toSupport Teamwork 91 车美仕采用分权式组织结构加强团队合作

Introduction 92 引言

Organizational Culture 92 企业文化

Developing Organizational Structure 94 制定组织结构

Assigning Tasks 95 任务的分配

Specialization 95 专业化

Departmentalization 96 部门化

Assigning Responsibility 99 责任的分配

Delegation of Authority 100 授权

Degree of Centralization 100 集权程度

Span of Management 102 管理幅度

Organizational Layers 102 组织层级

Forms of Organizational Structure 103 组织结构的形式

Line Structure 103 直线式结构

Line-and-Staff Structure 104 直线参谋式结构

Multidivisional Structure 104 多事业部制结构

Matrix Structure 105 矩阵式结构

The Role of Groups and Teams inOrganizations 106 小组与团队在组织中的角色

Committees 107委员会

Task Forces 107特别工作组

Teams 107团队

Communicating in Organizations 109 组织中的沟通

Formal Communication 110 正式沟通

Informal Communication Channels 111 非正式沟通渠道

Monitoring Communications 111 对沟通的监控

Improving Communication Effectiveness 112 提高沟通效率

So You Want a Job in ManagingOrganizational Culture, Teamwork, and Communication 113

Review Your Understanding 113

Revisit the World of Business 114

Learn the Terms 114

Check Your Progress 114

Get Involved 115

Build Your Skills: Teamwork 115

Solve the Dilemma: Quest Star in Transition 116

Build Your Business Plan: Organization,Teamwork, and Communication 116

See for Yourself Videocase: Zappos CreatesOrganizational Structure and Culture with Teams 117

Team Exercise 117

CHAPTER5 第5章

Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations 118 服务与生产运营管理

Enter the World of Business 进入商业世界

Manufacturers Use Remote Monitoring Systemsto Detect 制造厂商采用远程监控系统发现问题

Problems 119

Introduction 120 引言

The Nature of Operations Management 120 运营管理的本质

The Transformation Process 121 转化过程

Operations Management in Service Businesses 121 服务型企业的运营管理

Planning and Designing Operations Systems 125 运营系统的规划和设计

Planning the Product 125 产品规划

Designing the Operations Processes 126 运营流程的设计

Planning Capacity 127 产能规划

Planning Facilities 128 设施规划

Sustainability and Manufacturing 131 可持续发展与制造

Managing the Supply Chain 132 供应链管理

Purchasing 133 采购

Managing Inventory 133 库存管理

Outsourcing 135 外包

Routing and Scheduling 137 生产路径和日程安排

Managing Quality 138 质量管理

International Organization forStandardization (ISO) 140 国际标准化组织

Inspection 141 检查

Sampling 141 抽样

Integrating Operations and Supply ChainManagement 142 运营和供应链管理的整合

So You Want a Job in Operations Management 143

Review Your Understanding 143

Revisit the World of Business 144

Learn the Terms 144

Check Your Progress 144

Get Involved 145

Build Your Skills: Reducing Cycle Time 145

Solve the Dilemma: Planning for Pizza 146

Build Your Business Plan: Managing Serviceand

Manufacturing Operations 146

See for Yourself Vidoecase: Home Run Inn’sOperational

Excellence Propels It to Top Spot 147

Team Exercise 147

Notes 148 注释

Glossary 154 术语表

Photo Credits 159 图片版权

The legal form of ownership taken by a business is seldom of greatconcern to you as a customer. When you eat at a restaurant, you probably don’t care whether the restaurant is owned by one person (a soleproprietorship), has two or more owners who share the business (a partnership),or is an entity owned by many stockholders (a corporation); all you want isgood food. If you buy a foreign car, you probably don’t care whether the company that made it has laws governing its formof organization that are different from those for businesses in the UnitedStates. You are buying the car because it is well made, fi ts your price range,or appeals to your sense of style. Nonetheless, a business’s legal form of ownership affects how it operates, how much taxes itpays, and how much control its owners have.

This chapter examines three primary forms of business ownership—sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation—and weighs the advantages and disadvantages of each. These forms arethe most often used whether the business is a traditional bricks and mortarcompany, an online-only one, or a combination of both. We also take a look at Scorporations, limited liability companies, and cooperatives and discuss sometrends in business ownership. You may wish to refer to Table 1.1 to compare thevarious forms of business ownership mentioned in the chapter.