电力电子学:变换器应用和设计(第3版)(影印版)

part 1 introduction 1

chapter i power electronic systems 3

1-1 introduction 3

1-2 power electronics versus linear electronics 4

1-3 scope and applications 7

1-4 classification of power processors and converters 9

1-5 about the text 12

1-6 interdisciplinary nature of power electronics 13

1-7 convention of symbols used 14

problems 14

references 15

chapter 2 overview of power semiconductor switches 16

2-1 introduction 16

2-2 diodes 16

2-3 thyristors 18

2-4 desired characteristics in controllable switches 20

2-5 bipolar junction transistors and monolithic darlingtons 24

2-6 metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors 25

2-7 gate-turn-off thyristors 26

2-8 insulated gate bipolar transistors 27

.2-9 mos-controlled thyristors 29

2-10 comparison of controllable switches 29

2-11 drive and snubber circuits 30

2-12 justification for using idealized device characteristics 31

summary 32

problems 32

references 32

chapter 3 review of basic electrical and magnetic circuit concepts 33

3-1 introduction 33

3-2 electric circuits 33

3-3 magnetic circuits 46

summary 57

problems 58

references 60

chapter 4 computer simulation of power electronic converters and systems 61

4-1 introduction 61

4-2 challenges in computer simulation 62

4-3 simulation process 62

4-4 mechanics of simulation 64

4-5 solution techniques for time-domain analysis 65

4-6 widely used, circuit-oriented simulators 69

4-7 equation solvers 72

summary 74

problems 74

references 75

part 2 generic power electronic circuits 77

chapter 5 line-frequency diode rectifiers: line-frequency ac uncontrolled dc 79

5-1 introduction 79

5-2 basic rectifier concepts 80

5-3 single-phase diode bridge rectifiers 82

5-4 voltage-doubler (single-phase) rectifiers 100

5-5 effect of single-phase rectifiers on neutral currents in three-phase, four-wire systems 101

5-6 three-phase, full-bridge rectifiers 103

5-7 comparison of single-phase and three-phase rectifiers 112

5-8 inrush current and overvoltages at turn-on 112

5-9 concerns and remedies for line-current harmonics and low power factor 113

summary 113

problems 114

references 116

appendix 117

chapter 6 line-frequency phase-controlled rectifiers and inverters: line-frequency ac controlled de 121

6-1 introduction 121

6-2 thyristor circuits and their control 122

6-3 single-phase converters 126

6-4 three-phase converters 138

6-5 other three-phase converters 153

summary 153

problems 154

references 157

appendix 158

chapter 7 dc-de switch-mode converters 161

7-1 introduction 161

7-2 control of dc--dc converters 162

7-3 step-down (buck) converter 164

7-4 step-up (boost) converter 172

7-5 buck-boost converter 178

7-6 ctik dc-dc converter 184

7-7 full bridge dc-dc converter 188

7-8 dc-dc converter comparison 195

summary 196

problems 197

references 199

chapter 8 switch-mode dc-ac inverters: de sinusoidal ac 200

8-1 introduction 200

8-2 basic concepts of switch-mode inverters 202

8-3 single-phase inverters 211

8-4 three-phase inverters 225

8-5 effect of blanking time on output voltage in pwm inverters 236

8-6 other inverter switching schemes 239

8-7 rectifier mode of operation 243

summary 244

problems 246

references 248

chapter 9 resonant converters: zero-voltage and/or zero-current switchings 249

9-1 introduction 249

9-2 classification of resonant converters 252

9-3 basic resonant circuit concepts 253

9-4 load-resonant converters 258

9-5 resonant-switch converters 273

9-6 zero-voltage-switching, clamped-voltage topologies 280

9-7 resonant-dc-link inverters with zero-voltage switchings 287

9-8 high-frequency-link integral-half-cycle converters 289

summary 291

problems 291

references 295

part 3 power supply applications 299

chapter 10 switching de power supplies 301

10-1 introduction 301

10-2 linear power supplies 301

10-3 overview of switching power supplies 302

10-4 dc-dc converters with electrical isolation 304

10-5 control of switch-mode dc power supplies 322

10-6 power supply protection 341

10-7 electrical isolation in the feedback loop 344

10-8 designing to meet the power supply specifications 346

summary 349

problems 349

references 351

chapter 11 power conditioners and uninterruptible power supplies 354

11-1 introduction 354

11-2 power line disturbances 354

11-3 power conditioners 357

11-4 uninterruptible power supplies (upss) 358

summary 363

problems 363

references 364

part 4 motor drive applications 365

chapter 12 introduction to motor drives 367

12-1 introduction 367

12-2 criteria for selecting drive components 368

summary 375

problems 376

references 376

chapter 13 de motor drives 377

13-1 introduction 377

13-2 equivalent circuit of dc motors 377

13-3 permanent-magnet dc motors 380

13-4 dc motors with a separately excited field winding 381

13-5 effect of armature current waveform 382

13-6 dc servo drives 383

13-7 adjustable-speed dc drives 391

summary 396

problems 396

references 398

chapter 14 induction motor drives 399

14-1 introduction 399

14-2 basic principles of induction motor operation 400

14-3 induction motor characteristics at rated (line) frequency and rated voltage 405

14-4 speed control by varying stator frequency and voltage 406

14-5 impact of nonsinusoidal excitation on induction motors 415

14-6 variable-frequency converter classifications 418

14-7 variable-frequency pwm-vsi drives 419

14-8 variable-frequency square-wave vsi drives 425

14-9 variable-frequency csi drives 426

14-10 comparison of variable-frequency drives 427

14-11 line-frequency variable-voltage drives 428

14-12 reduced voltage starting ("soft start") of induction motors 430

14-13 speed control by static slip power recovery 431

summary 432

problems 433

references 434

chapter 15 synchronous motor drives 435

15-1 introduction 435

15-2 basic principles of synchronous motor operation 435

15-3 synchronous servomotor drives with sinusoidal waveforms 439

15-4 synchronous servomotor drives with trapezoidal waveforms 440

15-5 load-commutated inverter drives 442

15-6 cycloconverters 445

summary 445

problems 446

references 447

part 5 other applications 449

chapter 16 residential and industrial applications 451

16-1 introduction 451

16-2 residential applications 451

16-3 industrial applications 455

summary 459

problems 459

references 459

chapter 17 electric utility applications 460

17-1 introduction 460

17-2 high-voltage dc transmission 460

17-3 static var compensators 471

17-4 interconnection of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems to the utility grid 475

17-5 active filters 480

summary 480

problems 481

references 482

chapter 18 optimizing the utility interface with power electronic systems 483

18-1 introduction 483

18-2 generation of current harmonics 484

18-3 current harmonics and power factor 485

184 harmonic standards and recommended practices 485

18-5 need for improved utility interface 487

18-6 improved single-phase utility interface 488

18-7 improved three-phase utility interface 498

18-8 electromagnetic interference 500

summary 502

problems 503

references 503

part 6 semiconductor devices 505

chapter 19 basic semiconductor physics 507

19-1 introduction 507

19-2 conduction processes in semiconductors 507

19-3 pn junctions 513

19-4 charge control description of ph-junction operation 518

19-5 avalanche breakdown 520

summary 522

problems 522

references 523

chapter 20 power diodes 524

20-1 introduction 524

20-2 basic structure and i-vcharacteristics 524

20-3 breakdown voltage considerations 526

20-4 on-state losses 531

20-5 switching characteristics 535

20-6 schottk-y diodes 539

summary 543

problems 543

references 545

chapter 21 bipolar junction transistors 546

21-1 introduction 546

21-2 vertical power transistor structures 546

21-3 i-v characteristics 548

21-4 physics of bjt operation 550

21-5 switching characteristics 556

21-6 breakdown voltages 562

21-7 second breakdown 563

21-8 on-state losses 565

21-9 safe operating areas 567

summary 568

problems 569

references 570

chapter 22 power mosfets 571

22-1 introduction 571

22-2 basic structure 571

22-3 i-v characteristics 574

22-4 physics of device operation 576

22-5 switching characteristics 581

22-6 operating limitations and safe operating areas 587

summary 593

problems 594

references 595

chapter 23 thyristors 596

23-1 introduction 596

23-2 basic structure 596

23-3 i-v characteristics 597

23-4 physics of device operation 599

23-5 switching characteristics 603

23-6 methods of improving di/dt and dv/dt ratings 608

summary 610

problems 611

references 612

chapter 24 gate turn-off thyristors 613

24-1 introduction 613

24-2 basic structure and i-v characteristics 613

24-3 physics of turn-off operation 614

24-4 gto switching characteristics 616

24-5 0vercurrent protection of gtos 623

summary 624

problems 624

references 625

chapter 25 insulated gate bipolar transistors 626

25-1 introduction 626

25-2 basic structure 626

25-3 i-v characteristics 628

25-4 physics of device operation 629

25-5 latchup in igbts 631

25-6 switching characteristics 634

25-7 device limits and soas 637

summary 639

problems 639

references 640

chapter 26 emerging devices and circuits 641

26-1 introduction 641

26-2 power junction field effect transistors 641

26-3 field-controlled thyristor 646

26-4 jfet-based devices versus other power devices 648

26-5 mos-controlled thyristors 649

26-6 power integrated circuits 656

26-7 new semiconductor materials for power devices 661

summary 664

problems 665

references 666

part 7 practical converter design

considerations 667

chapter 27 snubber circuits 669

27-1 function and types of snubber circuits 669

27-2 diode snubbers 670

27-3 snubber circuits for thyristors 678

27-4 need for snubbers with transistors 680

27-5 turn-off snubber 682

27-6 overvoltage snubber 686

27-7 turn-on snubber 688

27-8 snubbers for bridge circuit configurations 691

27-9 gto snubber considerations 692

summary 693

problems 694

references 695

chapter 28 gate and base drive circuits 696

28-1 preliminary design considerations 696

28-2 dc-coupled drive circuits 697

28-3 electrically isolated drive circuits 703

28-4 cascode-connected drive circuits 710

28-5 thyristor drive circuits 712

28-6 power device protection in drive circuits 717

28-7 circuit layout considerations 722

summary 728

problems 729

references 729

chapter 29 component temperature control and heat sinks 730

29-1 control of semiconductor device temperatures 730

29-2 heat transfer by conduction 731

29-3 heat sinks 737

29-4 heat transfer by radiation and convection 739

summary 742

problems 743

references 743

chapter 30 design of magnetic components 744

30-1 magnetic materials and cores 744

30-2 copper windings 752

30-3 thermal considerations 754

30-4 analysis of a specific inductor design 756

30-5 inductor design procedures 760

30-6 analysis of a specific transformer design 767

30-7 eddy currents 771

30-8 transformer leakage inductance 779

30-9 transformer design procedure 780

30-10 comparison of transformer and inductor sizes 789

summary 789

problems 790

references 792

index 793